The harmonic tables of Kapsberger's “Libro Terzo” for theorbo
Keywords:
Kapsberger, Theorbo, Plucked strings, Counterpoint, HarmonyAbstract
The present article addresses the figure of Johann Kapsberger, a virtuoso of plucked string instruments, who lived approximately between c. 1580 and 1651. A substantial portion of his publications is dedicated to the theorbo, a low-pitched instrument from the lute family, highly popular during the transition between the 16th and 17th centuries. This production constitutes one of the most extensive musical collections devoted to this instrument, thus serving as a landmark reference for understanding its musical possibilities. A prominent example of this legacy is the “Libro Terzo D’intavolatura Di Chitarone” from 1626, which includes various dances, toccatas, and tables. The tables presented in this work stand out for their uniqueness, not found in the works of Kapsberger’s contemporaries who also composed for the theorbo, such as Castaldi (c. 1580 - 1649) and Piccinini (c. 1566 - 1638). The objective of this study is to contextualize these tables through comparison with treatises from the 16th and 17th centuries focused on plucked string instruments. Additionally, we will seek to explore the interconnections between these tables, the basso continuo, the figured bass system for the baroque guitar, and their application in Kapsberger’s repertoire. This, in turn, contributes to the hypothesis that changes in the valuation of music conceived from a vertical perspective, as proposed by harmony, as opposed to a horizontal conception envisioned by counterpoint, have their roots beyond the seconda prattica, Florentine camerata, opera, and recitative. These roots are primarily linked to the nature of plucked string instruments, exemplarily represented and developed in Kapsberger’s work.